Install, configure, verify memcached on CentOS

PHP memcache and memcached extensions

Because PHP has no native support for memcache, you must install an extension for PHP to use it. There are two PHP extensions available and it’s important to decode which to use:

• memcache (no d), an older but very popular extension that is not maintained regularly. The memcache extension currently does not work with PHP 7.

  PHP documentation for memcache

  The exact name is php5-memcache for Ubuntu and php-pecl-memcache for CentOS

• memcached (with a d), a newer and maintained extension that should be compatible with PHP 7.

  PHP documentation for memcached

  The exact name is php5-memcached for Ubuntu and php-pecl-memcached for CentOS

For simplicity, we use the PHP memcache extension in this guide although we provide examples for both when configuring Magento to use memcache.

Install and configure memcached on CentOS

This section provides instructions to install memcached on CentOS and Ubuntu. For additional information, consult the memcached wiki.

We recommend using the latest stable memcached version (currently 3.1.3 for memcached).

To install memcached on CentOS, perform the following tasks as a user with root privileges:

1. Install memcached and its dependencies:

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   yum -y update
   

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   yum install -y libevent libevent-devel
   

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   yum install -y memcached
   

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   yum install -y php-pecl-memcache
   

   The syntax of the preceding commands might depend on what package repositories you use. For example, if you use webtatic and PHP 5.6, enter yum install -y php56w-pecl-memcache. Use yum search memcache|grep php to find the appropriate package name.

2. Change the memcached configuration setting for CACHESIZE and OPTIONS:

   1. Open /etc/sysconfig/memcached in a text editor.

   2. Locate the value for CACHESIZE and change it to at least 1GB. For example

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       CACHESIZE="1GB"
      

   3. Locate the value for OPTIONS and change it to localhost or 127.0.0.1

   For more information about configuring memcached, see the memcached wiki.

3. Save your changes to memcached and exit the text editor.

4. Restart memcached.

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   service memcached restart
   

5. Restart your web server.

   For Apache:

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   service httpd restart
   

6. Continue with the next section.

Verify memcached works before installing Magento

We recommend testing memcached to make sure it works before you install Magento. Doing so takes only a few minutes and can simplify troubleshooting later.

Verify memcached is recognized by the web server

To verify memcached is recognized by the web server:

1. Create a phpinfo.php file in the web server’s docroot:

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   <?php
   // Show all information, defaults to INFO_ALL
   phpinfo();
   

2. Go to that page in your web browser.

   For example, http://192.0.2.1/phpinfo.php

3. Make sure memcache displays as follows:

Verify you’re using memcached version 3.0.5 or later.

If memcache does not display, restart the web server and refresh the browser page. If it still does not display, verify you installed the php-pecl-memcache extension.

Create a memcache test consisting of a MySQL database and PHP script

The test uses a MySQL database, table, and data to verify you can retrieve the database data and store it in memcache. A PHP script first searches the cache. If the result does not exist, the script queries database. After the query has been fulfilled by the original database, the script stores the result in memcache, using the set command.

More details about this test

Create the MySQL database:

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mysql -u root -p

At the mysql prompt, enter the following commands:

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create database memcache_test;
GRANT ALL ON memcache_test.* TO memcache_test@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'memcache_test';
use memcache_test;
create table example (id int, name varchar(30));
insert into example values (1, "new_data");
exit

Create cache-test.php in your web server’s docroot:

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$meminstance = new Memcached();

$meminstance->addServer('<memcached hostname or ip>', <memcached port>);

$query = "select id from example where name = 'new_data'";
$querykey = "KEY" . md5($query);

$result = $meminstance->get($querykey);

if (!$result) {
   try {
        $dbh = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=memcache_test','memcache_test','memcache_test');
        $dbh->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
        $result = $dbh->query("select id from example where name = 'new_data'")->fetch();
        $meminstance->set($querykey, $result, 0, 600);
        print "got result from mysql\n";
        return 0;
    } catch (PDOException $e) {
        die($e->getMessage());
    }
}
print "got result from memcached\n";
return 0;

where <memcached hostname or ip> is either localhost, 127.0.0.1, or the memcache hostname or IP address. <memcached port> is its listen port; by default, 11211.

Run the script from the command line.

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cd <web server docroot>

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php cache-test.php

The first result is got result from mysql. This means that the key did not exist in memcached but it was retrieved from MySQL.

The second result is got result from memcached, which verifies that the value is stored successfully in memcached.

Finally, you can view the memcache keys using Telnet:

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telnet localhost <memcache port>

At the prompt, enter

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stats items

The result is similar to the following:

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STAT items:3:number 1
STAT items:3:age 1075
STAT items:3:evicted 0
STAT items:3:evicted_nonzero 0
STAT items:3:evicted_time 0
STAT items:3:outofmemory 0
STAT items:3:tailrepairs 0

Flush the memcache storage and quit Telnet:

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flush_all

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quit

Additional information about the Telnet test

Related topics

Configure Magento to use memcached